Forest

Northern hardwood forests are widely distributed over a variety of sites with dry-mesic to wet-mesic conditions and nutrient-poor to rich soils. This forest type is generally found at low to moderate elevations. Species that are commonly dominant include sugar maple, yellow birch, American beech, eastern hemlock, and red spruce.

Stands are dominated by eastern white pine. Some stands may include a component of eastern hemlock or northern red oak and white ash.

Stands are generally dominated by white spruce (occasionally black spruce or Norway spruce). Some stands may have co-dominant tree species such as balsam fir or quaking aspen.

Stands are dominated by red pine. Some stands have an oak component in the understory and sometimes as a co-dominant.

Stands are dominated by one or more oak species. Aspen, eastern white pine, and other species may be co-dominant in some stands.

Forests are composed largely of sugar and red maple. Eastern hemlock, yellow birch, basswood, red oak, and black cherry are common associates, found in varying amounts based upon site conditions.

Stands are in low-lying sites and are dominated primarily by black ash, red maple, American elm, or a mixture of these species.

Stands are in low-lying sites and are dominated primarily by black spruce, northern white-cedar, tamarack, or a mixture of these species. Quaking aspen, paper birch, and other species may be co-dominant in some stands.

Stands are generally dominated by jack pine, with some composed primarily of mixed pine species or occasionally Scotch pine. Oak species may be co-dominant in some stands.

Stands are dominated by quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, paper birch, or balsam poplar. Some stands may have codominant tree species such as balsam fir or white spruce.