Two fungal pathogens, which cause the disease Rapid ‘Ōhi‘a Death (ROD), are leading to widespread loss of ‘ōhi‘a lehua, Hawai'i's most widespread native tree.

This fungal disease has the potential to alter the structure of ‘ōhi‘a dominated forests. Many native plants are likely vulnerable to ‘ōhi‘a mortality events. Protecting trees from damage by introduced feral ungulates can help reduce the prevalence of this fungal disease, as damage is often a precursor to infection.