All dominant species in montane spruce-fir forests are projected to lose habitat and productivity under both climate scenarios, with more substantial impacts projected under greater warming.

Multiple forest impact models tend to agree that northern and boreal conifer species will decrease. Balsam fir and red spruce may not successfully regenerate if moisture is insufficient and average spring or summer temperatures exceed 92 °F. Seedling mortality may also occur during drought or if soil surface temperatures exceed 115 °F.