Lowland conifer forests function in a relatively narrow window of water table conditions. Climate change has the potential to alter the precipitation patterns and soil moisture regimes in low-lying areas across the Upper Midwest. Roads and other watershed modifications are already harming lowland conifer forests in some areas. Water table impacts may be intensified as the hydrologic cycle becomes more episodic. Larger lowlands may be able to withstand a wider range of conditions than small, isolated depressions. Lowland conifer forests that are connected to groundwater may be less vulnerable to seasonal or short-term moisture deficits. Low-lying areas on the landscape might also be protected from summer droughts if increased winter and spring precipitation is retained.