Spruce-fir forests are dominated by boreal species that include red spruce, white spruce, and balsam fir. Spruce forests are dominated by conifers but may contain a number of associated northern hardwood species, such as yellow birch or sugar maple. This forest type can be found in at higher elevations (generally above 1500 feet) in the Appalachian mountains or at lower elevations in colder areas with acidic or nutrient-poor soils.
Applicable Sectors