Many dominant species within the Appalachian (hemlock)/northern hardwood forest are at risk of decline, especially under the higher emissions scenario.

Forest impact models agree that American beech, eastern hemlock (considered a keystone species where it occurs), and sugar maple are likely to decline through the end of the century. Results are mixed for red maple, tulip tree, black cherry, and white ash, which are projected to lose suitable habitat but maintain potential growth and volume.