Managed Red Pine forests typically have low diversity and few options for responding to changing conditions.

Managed Red Pine forests typically have low diversity of species, age classes, and structures, which may make them less resilient to changing conditions. Higher diversity and complexity in all of these features can give a forest more possible pathways to respond to changing or unexpected conditions. Additionally, red pine has low genetic diversity as a species, so there may be limited possibility to favor more suited genotypes or for the species to evolve greater tolerance for future climate conditions.