The combined effects of sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion due to spray and storm surge are expected to cause irreversible habitat loss in tidal swamps.

Rising sea levels are increasing storm surge and flooding, and this may become an even greater problem as storms become more frequent or severe.Shifting sands may alter soil characteristics, destabilize root systems, and cause erosion. Tidal forest that undergoes salinization exceeding its tolerance may be replaced by tidal marsh. However, shorelines are expected to recede as the sea level rises, resulting in the physical loss of land and habitat for this community type.