Moderate

Aspen-birch forests occur on a wide range of soil types and landforms, and are favored by frequent disturbance or management. Common species include quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, paper birch, and balsam poplar.

These forests are found on sites with moist soils, usually in settings protected from fire. They are characterized by continuous, often dense, canopies of deciduous trees including sugar maple, basswood, paper birch, and northern red oak. Plants in these forest systems have predictable supplies of water and nutrients, but may be limited by low-light conditions.

Fire-Dependent Forests are characterized by species adapted to survive repeated wildfires or to regenerate successfully following fire.